Vol. 2, Issue 2, Part A (2025)

This study evaluates the pharmacoeconomic value of pharmacist-managed heart failure (HF) clinics, focusing on cost-utility and budget-impact analyses. Heart failure represents a significant clinical and economic burden on healthcare systems globally, with high hospitalization rates, poor medication adherence, and suboptimal guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) contributing to elevated costs. Pharmacist-managed clinics have shown promise in improving GDMT adherence, reducing readmissions, and enhancing patient outcomes. This research compares pharmacist-managed HF clinics to usual care using a cost-utility analysis (CUA) and budget-impact analysis (BIA). The CUA demonstrates that pharmacist-managed clinics result in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$24, 500 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, which is well below the typical willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of US$50, 000 per QALY. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis shows a 73% probability of cost-effectiveness at the US$50, 000 threshold. The BIA reveals that scaling pharmacist-managed HF clinics over five years results in a net savings of US$1.1 million, primarily from reduced readmissions. The analysis also identifies readmission reduction and medication adherence as key drivers of the budget impact. Subgroup analyses show that high-risk patients (recent hospitalizations, polypharmacy, and comorbidities) benefit the most from these services, resulting in lower ICERs. The results suggest that pharmacist-managed clinics are a cost-effective intervention that can reduce the economic burden of heart failure, especially in high-risk populations. Practical recommendations include expanding pharmacist roles in multidisciplinary care teams, integrating telehealth models, and prioritizing training for pharmacists to optimize HF management. This study provides a strong economic case for the implementation of pharmacist-managed services, offering both clinical and fiscal benefits for healthcare systems.